Why is the consumption of alcohol prohibited in Islam?
Alcohol has been the scourge of human society since time immemorial. It continues to cost countless human lives, and causes terrible misery to millions throughout the world. Alcohol is the root cause of several problems facing society. The statistics of soaring crime rates, increasing instances of mental illnesses and millions of broken homes throughout the world bear mute testimony to the destructive power of alcohol.
Although the fruit grape is lawful in its essence, when the extract of this fruit is treated and fermented, it produces a drink which intoxicates…and every type of drink (or substance) which intoxicates when consumed is absolutely prohibited for the believers who sincerely fear Allah and the Last Day.
1. Prohibition of alcohol in the Qur’an
The Glorious Qur’an prohibits the consumption of alcohol in the following verse:
“O you who have believed! ‘Khamr’ (all types of intoxicants), games of chance, idols, and divining arrows are all abominable works of the Shaytaan; therefore, stay (far) away from these so that you may attain success. Indeed, the Shaytaan seeks to sow enmity and hatred among you by means of ‘khamr’ (intoxicants) and gambling, and to prevent you from the Remembrance of Allah and from Salaah. Will you not, then, abstain from these things?” [Al-Qur’an 5:90-91]
2. Prohibition of alcohol in the Bible
The Bible prohibits the consumption of alcohol in the following verses:
“Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging; and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.” [Proverbs 20:1]
“And be not drunk with wine.” [Ephesians 5:18]
3. Alcohol inhibits the inhibitory centre
The human beings possess an inhibitory centre in their brains. This inhibitory centre prevents the person from doing things that he considers wrong.
For instance, a person does not normally use abusive language while addressing his parents or elders. If he has to answer the call of nature, his inhibitory centre will prevent him from doing so in public. Therefore he uses the toilet.
When a person consumes alcohol, the inhibitory centre itself is inhibited. That is precisely the reason that an inebriated person is often found to be indulging in behaviour that is completely uncharacteristic of him.
For instance, the intoxicated person is found to use abusive and foul language and does not realize his mistake even if he is addressing his parents.
Many even urinate in their clothes. Neither do they neither talk nor walk properly. They even misbehave.
4. Cases of adultery, rape, incest and AIDS are found more among alcoholics
As per the report of every country, there is hundreds of Rape taking place every day in every country.
The statistics tell us that the majority of the rapists were intoxicated while committing the crime. The same is true in cases of molestation. According to statistics, 8% of Americans commit incest i.e. one in every twelve to thirteen persons in America is involved in incest. Almost all the cases of incest are due to intoxication of one or both the persons involved.
One of the major factors associated with the spread of AIDS, the most dreaded disease, is alcoholism.
5. Every alcoholic was initially a social drinker
Many may argue in favour of liquor by calling themselves ‘social drinkers’. They claim that they only have one or two pegs and they have self-control and so never get intoxicated. Investigations reveal that every alcoholic started as a social drinker. Not a single alcoholic or drunkard initially starts drinking with the intention of becoming an alcoholic or a drunkard. No social drinker can say that I have been having alcohol for several years and that I have so much self-control that I have never been intoxicated even a single time.
6. Alcohol is prohibited in the Hadith
The Prophet of Islam Muhammad (peace be upon him) said:
Sunan Ibn-I-Majah Volume 3, Book of Intoxicants, Chapter 30, Hadith No. 3371 – “Alcohol is the mother of all evils and it is the most shameful of evils.”
Sunan Ibn-I-Majah Volume 3, Book of Intoxicants, Chapter 30, Hadith No. 3392 – “Anything which intoxicates in a large quantity is prohibited even in a small quantity.”
Sunan Ibn-I-Majah Volume 3, Book of Intoxicants, Chapter 30, Hadith No. 3380 – Not only those who drink alcohol are cursed but also those who deal with them directly or indirectly are cursed by Allah.
Sunan of Abu-Dawood , Hadith – 3732 ,Narrated by Abdullah ibn Umar –The Prophet (saws) said: ‘He who does not accept an invitation (without a genuine or valid reason) which he receives has disobeyed Allah and His Messenger (saws).
Al-Tirmidhi , Hadith – 2776 , Narrated by Anas ibn Malik – “God’s curse falls on ten groups of people who deal with alcohol:
The one who distils it, The one for whom it has been distilled, The one who drinks it, The one who transports it, The one to who it has been brought, The one whom serves it, The one who sells it, The one who utilizes money from it, The one who buys it and The one who buys it for someone else.”
Al-Tirmidhi , Hadith – 4477 , Narrated by Jabir ibn Abdullah – The Prophet (saws) said, “He who believes in Allah and the Last Day must not sit at a cloth (table or gathering) where wine is being circulated.”
Sunan of Abu-Dawood , Hadith – 3679 , Narrated by Aisha – I heard the Messenger of Allah (saws) say: “Every intoxicant is haraam; if a (large) quantity of anything causes intoxication, a handful of it is (also) haraam.” i.e even a small quantity is not allowed.
7. Alcohol in Medicine
The use of intoxicants and other prohibited things as medicine is unlawful. The idea is based on the following guidance:
Wa’il ibn Hujr al-Hadrami reported that, “Tariq ibn Suwaid asked the Prophet (saws) if he could use alcohol as medicine. The Prophet (saws) replied: ‘It is not a cure, but a disease’.” (Related by Muslim, Abu Daw’ud, and Tirmidhi.)
Umm Salamah, the wife of the Prophet (saws) reports that he (saws) once said: “Allah has not placed a cure for your diseases in things that He has forbidden for you.” (Related by Baihaqi and Ibn Hibban. Bukhari has also related the same hadith on the authority of Ibn Mas’ud.)
Abu ad-Darda reported that the Prophet (saws) said: “Allah has sent down both the malady and its remedy. For every disease He has created a cure. So seek medical treatment, but never with something the use of which Allah has prohibited.” (Related by Abu Daw’ud.)
Allah and His Messenger (saws) have categorically forbidden and declared as ‘haraam’ the ‘consumption’ of intoxicants for the believers.
Not all ‘haraam’ or forbidden things are impure… for example: gold and silk are declared ‘haraam’ for the believing men, but they are not impure. Similarly, most of the scholars of Islam are of the opinion that although the consumption of alcohol is absolutely forbidden and ‘haraam’, alcohol by itself is not an inherently impure substance. Thus there is no harm if one uses products that contain alcohol like perfumes, creams, soaps, shampoos, etc. provided the alcohol is not consumed and entered into the body which would cause one to loose one’s senses. And Allah Alone Knows Best.
8. Diseases associated with alcoholism
There are several scientific reasons for the prohibition of consumption of intoxicants i.e. alcohol. The maximum number of deaths in the world related to any one particular cause is due to the consumption of alcohol. Millions of people die every year only because of intake of alcohol.
9. Alcoholism is a ‘disease’
Medical doctors have now turned liberal towards alcoholics and call alcoholism a disease rather than an addiction.
The Islamic Research Foundation has published a pamphlet that says:
If alcohol is a disease, it is the only disease that:
Is sold in bottles , Is advertised in newspapers, magazines, on radio and television , Has licensed outlets to spread it , Produces revenue for the government , Brings violent deaths on the highways , Destroys family life and increases crime , Has no germs or viral cause.
Allah Subhanah has commanded the believers to stay far far away from any and all types of intoxicants, and the Messenger of Allah (saws) explicitly forbade the believers to sit or join in a gathering where alcohol is being served.
Thus, if one has prior knowledge that alcohol will be served at a gathering or party, it would be purer and better for them to fear Allah and abstain from attending such gatherings, for Allah indeed has the biggest right that He be obeyed.
But if one attends a gathering or party, knowing that alcohol will be served there, even if they do not consume alcohol themselves, they will indeed share a burden of the sin.
Thus as much as it is an extremely preferred Sunnah of the Messenger of Allah (saws) to accept the invitations of their believing brethren, if one has prior knowledge that alcohol will be served at the gathering, it would be best to decline such an invitation.